Tuesday 17 December 2013

Session 3 - Geography map skills


Geography map skills for A/A*’s

Grid references: Be accurate.  The 3rd and 6th number of a 6 figure grid reference can be 1 number out each way. Practice using this summer’s resource booklet.

Map symbols: These will be provided in a key but make sure you know the more familiar ones to save time in the exam. Have a look at p9.

Scale and direction: The scale will be written on the map.  1:50 000 means 2cm= 1km, so each cm is 500m. 1: 25 000 means 4cm = 1km, so each cm is 250m. Always quote units- you will get no marks without them.

Relief: the height and shape of the land: There are several things to look for: Spot heights, Triangulation pillars, Contour lines, Slopes- the closer the contour lines, the steeper the slope. Remember- the contour lines help us to identify landforms.

Can you spot a contour on the map extract?

See worksheet: Contour Patterns & drawing a contour.
 

Describing rivers:

1.      Direction of flow (source to mouth) Hints: Water always flows downhill so look at the contours. Tributaries also point in the direction of downhill.

2.      Speed of flow – look at contours, as steep ground and straight channel = fast flow, flat land and meanders = slow flow.

3.      Width (estimate) Hints: A thin blue line indicates a narrow channel.

4.      Course - State whether the river is in the upper, middle or lower course? Hints:

Upper course: contours close together, presence of waterfalls, thin river.

Middle course: Meandering river, quite wide channel.

Lower course: Sometimes the mouth of the river is present, wide channel, flat valley floor.

5.      Number and size of tributaries

6.      Physical features - Tributaries, a confluence point, waterfalls, meanders, ox-bow lakes, delta.

7.      Human features- In a lowland area, channels may be straightened artificially to prevent flooding. There may be a reservoir on the river to collect water. Bridges, artificial embankments.

 

Describing settlement patterns:

Dispersed – a scattering of houses over a large area – in rural / hilly areas /plains.

Linear – Houses along a line e.g. a river/road/railway/coast.

Nucleated – Grouping of houses around a centre (nucleus) at road intersections/confluences/focal points.

 

Past question: Describe the location of the science park [3]

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